Cultures: The Farms of the Lab

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Step into a microbiology lab, and you might feel like you’ve wandered onto a tiny, futuristic farm. But instead of cows and cornfields, you’ll find stacks of clear dishes filled with jelly-like soil and colonies of colorful “crops.” Welcome to the world of microbial cultures, where scientists become the world’s smallest-scale farmers, cultivating invisible life into lush, visible harvests. Just as a farmer tends the land to grow food, a microbiologist cultivates bacteria, fungi, and other microbes on nutrient-rich media. These miniature farms don’t just look cool—they are the heartbeat of diagnostic medicine, research, and biotechnology. Let’s take a tour behind the barn doors of the lab. The Fields: Agar Plates and Broth Pastures Every farm needs soil. In the microbe world, our “fields” come in two main forms: solid and liquid. - Agar plates are the lab’s equivalent of neatly plowed plots. Agar, a seaweed-derived gelatin, creates a firm surface where microbes can put down roots—well, ...
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Effects of water pollution

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HAZARDS OF WATER POLLUTION
Classified into two groups;
 Biological hazards-these are diseases caused by the presence of infective agent or
an aquatic host in water e.g.
o Water-borne diseases- infectious agent remains alive in drinking water like
cholera.
o Water-washed diseases- infections of the outer body surfaces like bacillary
& amoebic dysentery, scabies.
o Water-based diseases-due to presence of an aquatic host like fish
tapeworms, schistosomiasis (snails), roundworms, whipworms etc
o Water breeding or water proximity diseases caused by mosquitoeĀs or flies
living near aquatic conditions.
 Chemical hazards- e.g. heavy metals which affect man’s life directly or indirectly
(accumulate in fish). Coastal pollution of sea water may give rise to health hazards
because of local contamination of fish or shellfish—for instance, the mercury
contamination of fish in the infamous Minamata disease outbreak in Japan in 1956
(WHO 1976).

WATER PURIFICATION/TREATMENT
The objective of water purification is to remove the dissolved and suspended impurities
of water .e.g. industrial waste, sewage, fecal matter, bacteria etc.
WATER PURIFICATION ON LARGE SCALE
1. Storage: by storage in reservoirs, gross turbidity is removed and the color is
improved. It also reduces the load on the la

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