Cultures: The Farms of the Lab

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Step into a microbiology lab, and you might feel like you’ve wandered onto a tiny, futuristic farm. But instead of cows and cornfields, you’ll find stacks of clear dishes filled with jelly-like soil and colonies of colorful “crops.” Welcome to the world of microbial cultures, where scientists become the world’s smallest-scale farmers, cultivating invisible life into lush, visible harvests. Just as a farmer tends the land to grow food, a microbiologist cultivates bacteria, fungi, and other microbes on nutrient-rich media. These miniature farms don’t just look cool—they are the heartbeat of diagnostic medicine, research, and biotechnology. Let’s take a tour behind the barn doors of the lab. The Fields: Agar Plates and Broth Pastures Every farm needs soil. In the microbe world, our “fields” come in two main forms: solid and liquid. - Agar plates are the lab’s equivalent of neatly plowed plots. Agar, a seaweed-derived gelatin, creates a firm surface where microbes can put down roots—well, ...
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Haemoglobin Synthesis

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HAEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS
Hb synthesis is controlled by a number of genetic loci. The haem and globin are synthesized separately and in different places but under normal circumstances, this two biosynthetic processes appear to take place at the same time and similar rates. 
HAEM SYNTHESIS
It takes place in the mitochondria (nucleus of the red blood cell).
The synthesis starts when glycine and succinyl Co A are condensed together in the presence of d-aminolevulinic acid.
Two of the d-aminolevulinic acid molecules are joined together in the presence of glutathione and the enzyme d-aminolevulinic dehydrase to form porphobilinogen (PBG) which is a monopyrole ring
4 monopyrole molecules of PBG condense to form uropophrinogen.
Uropophrinogen is then decarboxylated to form corpropophrinogen which is oxidized in the presence of another enzyme to protoporphrine III.
An iron atom and protoporphrine come together in the presence of Ferrochelatase enzyme to form a Haem molecule.
                                GLYSINE               +                    SUCCINYL CO A

                                                  δ-ALA Synthetase
                                                       
                                                    d-Aminolevulinic Acid

                                                                      d-ALA dehydrase + glutathione

                                                    4 porphobilinogen
                                                                       
                                                                    2 enzymes
                                                     Uropophrinogen
                                                                     
                                                                    decarboxylatase
                                                      Copropophrinogen

                                                                    Oxidation enzyme
                                                      Protopophrine III
                                                                    Ferrochalatase enzyme

                          Fe++                                                     HAEM

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